Discovering exciting history and facts about Whittier, Alaska

Located between towering mountains and the pristine waters of Prince William Sound, Whittier, Alaska, is a town brimming with fascinating history and unique facts. This small but resilient community has a story that spans from ancient native portages to its role as a strategic military base during World War II. Known for landmarks like the Buckner Building and Begich Towers, this town offers a glimpse into a unique way of life. Join us as we explore the rich history and intriguing facts that make Whittier a captivating destination.

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Our Experiences

I have a deep passion for history, especially regarding World War II and the subsequent Cold War era. Due to its rich historical significance, Whittier quickly became one of my favorite Alaskan towns. One of my favorite parts of this city is the Whittier Army Port Historical District with the abandoned Buckner Building.

In this article, I’m excited to share some fascinating facts about Whittier with you. Chris and I have visited this town many times, each visit revealing more about its intriguing past and unique character. For a broader look at what to see and do, explore our complete Whittier travel guide based on our firsthand road trip experiences.

Geographical Facts About Whittier

Whittier, Alaska, boasts several unique geographical features that make it a fascinating destination:

• Location. Whittier is located on the northeast shore of the Kenai Peninsula, at the head of Passage Canal, on the western edge of Prince William Sound. It lies about 60 miles southeast of Anchorage.
• Climate. It has a subpolar oceanic climate with heavy rainfall and mild temperatures. It receives an average annual precipitation of 197 inches, making it one of the wettest places in the United States. Summers are cool, and winters are cold but moderated by the ocean​.
• Access. The Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel, a 2.5-mile-long tunnel shared by vehicles and trains, is Whittier’s primary land access route. This tunnel connects Whittier to the rest of Alaska, providing a unique logistical feature.

• Geological Features. Surrounded by the rugged Chugach Mountains, Whittier lies within the Chugach National Forest, the second-largest national forest in the United States. This setting offers dramatic landscapes and abundant wildlife​.
• Port and Waterways. Whittier’s ice-free deepwater port is strategically significant for cargo transportation, commercial fishing, and tourism. Passage Canal, where Whittier is located, provides sheltered waters ideal for maritime activities.
• Prince William Sound. Whittier serves as a gateway to the stunning Prince William Sound. This body of water covers about 10,000 square miles and is known for its breathtaking fjords, over 150 glaciers, and rich marine life, including sea otters, seals, and humpback whales.
• Tsunami and Earthquake Zone. Whittier is in a seismically active area. The 1964 Good Friday Earthquake significantly impacted the town, generating tsunamis that caused extensive damage.

Whittier History: From Ancient Portage to Modern Town

Whittier’s history is a testament to its strategic importance, resilience, and the unique character of its community. For a closer look, check out the official city website.

Early Beginnings

Whittier’s history begins with the Chugach Natives, who used the area as part of their portage route to access Turnagain Arm. This natural passage was crucial for transportation and trade, linking Prince William Sound with the interior regions of Alaska. The area was later explored by Russians and Americans, who recognized its strategic importance due to its proximity to both water routes and land access points​.

World War II and Military Significance

The town of Whittier was established by the U.S. Army during World War II. Its location, nestled among mountains and often shrouded in cloud cover, made it an ideal site for a military port that was difficult for enemy forces to detect. In 1943, the Federal Railroad to Portage Valley was completed, making Whittier the primary debarkation point for cargo, troops, and military dependents bound for Alaska.

Two significant structures, the Buckner Building and the Hodge Building (later renamed Begich Towers), were built during this time. The Buckner Building was one of the largest in Alaska and housed a self-sufficient community for military personnel, earning it the nickname “city under one roof.” These buildings were critical in supporting the military operations and the community that developed around them. Now, the Buckner Building is one of the spookiest places in Alaska.

Post-War Transition

After the war, the military remained active in Whittier until 1960. Following the military’s departure, the town’s population decreased significantly, but Whittier was incorporated as a city in 1969. The transition from a military base to a civilian town marked a significant shift in Whittier’s history, leading to new economic opportunities and challenges.

The 1964 Good Friday Earthquake

One of the most pivotal events in Whittier’s history was the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake, which remains the most powerful earthquake recorded in North American history. Measuring 9.2 on the moment magnitude scale, the earthquake caused devastating tsunamis that hit Whittier, resulting in extensive damage and loss of life.

Modern Developments

In 2000, the opening of the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel to vehicle traffic significantly transformed Whittier. The tunnel, the longest highway tunnel in North America, provided the first direct road connection to the town, previously accessible only by rail, boat, or plane. This improved accessibility spurred tourism and made Whittier a key embarkation and debarkation point for cruise ships traveling between Anchorage and Vancouver​.

Today’s Whittier

Today, Whittier is a blend of historical significance and modern charm. It continues to serve as a vital port for the Alaska Marine Highway and a popular destination for tourists exploring the stunning landscapes of Prince William Sound.

Whittier’s Most Important Landmarks: Fascinating Facts

Let’s look at the most prominent Whittiers landmarks you can see while exploring the city.

The Buckner Building

• Construction and Purpose. Completed in 1953, the Buckner Building was designed as a comprehensive military facility during the Cold War. It was intended to be a self-sufficient community capable of withstanding Alaska’s harsh environment and potential wartime scenarios.​
• Size and Amenities. At the time of its completion, the Buckner Building was one of the largest buildings in Alaska. It was known as the “city under one roof,” featuring a wide array of amenities, including a hospital, bowling alley, theater, gymnasium, library, and swimming pool. This made it possible for military personnel and their families to live comfortably without needing to leave the building​.

• Military Significance. The building played a crucial role during the Cold War, housing military personnel, equipment, and facilities necessary for operations in the region. Its strategic location and comprehensive facilities made it a key asset for the U.S. military in Alaska.
• Post-Military Use. After the military reduced its presence in Whittier in the 1960s, the Buckner Building was abandoned. Over the years, it has fallen into disrepair but remains a significant landmark.
• Historical Context. The building is named after General Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr., a prominent military figure who served in World War II.

Begich Towers

• Living Under One Roof. Begich Towers is a 14-story building completed in 1957, originally known as the Hodge Building. It was designed to house military personnel and their families. Today, it serves as a unique residential and commercial space where most of Whittier’s population lives, including essential services like a school, post office, and grocery store​.
• Community Hub. This building is the heartbeat of Whittier, encapsulating the town’s close-knit community. Living in Begich Towers allows residents to stay connected and manage the extreme weather conditions more comfortably​.

Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel

• Engineering Marvel. The Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel, also known as the Whittier Tunnel, is a 2.5-mile-long tunnel that serves as the only land access to Whittier. It is the longest highway tunnel in North America and operates as a one-lane, shared-use tunnel for both rail and vehicle traffic​.
• Impact on Access and Tourism. Opened to vehicle traffic in 2000, the tunnel significantly improved accessibility to Whittier, boosting tourism and making the town a key starting point for many Alaskan adventures. Its unique design and operational schedule make it a fascinating landmark.

Whittier’s Population and Economy: Key Facts

• Small Population. Whittier is home to a small, close-knit community. As of the latest census, the town has approximately 265 residents. This makes it one of the smaller towns in Alaska by population​.

• Unique Living Arrangements. Most of Whittier’s residents live in Begich Towers, a 14-story building that includes apartments, a school, a grocery store, and other essential services. This arrangement has earned the town the nickname “the town under one roof.”​
• Tourism. Tourism is a significant part of Whittier’s economy. Each summer, the town welcomes over 700,000 visitors who come to enjoy its scenic beauty, wildlife, and outdoor activities such as glacier cruises and kayaking. The Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel, which opened to vehicle traffic in 2000, has greatly increased accessibility and tourism​.

• Port Operations. Whittier’s ice-free deepwater port is crucial for cargo transportation. It serves as a key point for the Alaska Marine Highway, which connects the town to other parts of Alaska and beyond. The port is also a commercial fishing hub, contributing significantly to the local economy.​
• Strategic Cruise Port. Whittier serves as an important embarkation and debarkation point for cruise ships. It is the starting or ending point for many one-way cruises between Anchorage/Whittier and Vancouver. This makes Whittier a vital gateway for cruise passengers exploring Alaska​. It’s one of the best Alaskan ports of call.

Whittier, Alaska, History and Facts: Conclusion

Whittier, Alaska, is a town where history and community come together in a unique way. From its early days as a portage route for the Chugach Natives to its key role in World War II, Whittier’s story is one of resilience and adaptability.

Landmarks like the Buckner Building and Begich Towers tell the tale of its past. The Buckner Building, once a bustling “city under one roof” for military personnel, now stands as a reminder of Whittier’s pivotal role during the Cold War. Begich Towers, where most residents live, shows the town’s close-knit spirit.

Events like the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake have shaped Whittier’s development, showing the town’s strength. The opening of the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel in 2000 improved access and boosted tourism, enriching Whittier’s economy and culture.

Today, Whittier is a gateway to Prince William Sound, drawing visitors with its stunning scenery and rich history. Whether you love history or just enjoy exploring new places, Whittier offers a unique blend of the past and present.

Walking through Whittier, you’re not just seeing a town; you’re experiencing a living piece of Alaskan history.

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